#Systemload full

Power system loads with drastically or abruptly changing load curves are called fluctuating loads. The active power P of an individual load, a load group, or the entire system is defined as P = S cos ɸ, where S = UI is the total power ( U is the voltage, and I is the current), cos ɸ is the power factor, and ɸ = arc tan ( Q/P), where Q is the reactive power of the load. The active or reactive system load is understood to mean the total active or reactive power of all consumers, including network losses.

For the mean square load, the time period is a day, month, quarter, or year. The mean load is defined as the ratio of the amount of power produced or consumed during a certain period of time to the duration of the period (in hours).

In determining system loads, a distinction is made between the mean load and the mean square load. The ratio of the maximum consumed power to the connected power is called the coincidence factor, and the ratio of the maximum load of a given group of consumers to their rated power is called the demand factor.

#Systemload full

Consumers usually do not operate simultaneously and are not all at their full rated power therefore, the actual power system loads are always less than the sum of the rated powers of all individual users. Loads determined by the rated power of the users are random quantities that may assume various values with a certain probability. A distinction is made between individual and group load curves (for individual users and groups of users, respectively). The change in the power system load over time-that is, the change in the power consumed or the current in the network as a function of time-is called the load curve. The total electric power consumed by all users connected to the distribution network of a system, and also the power used to compensate for losses in all parts of the network (transformers, converters, and transmission lines).